《费誓》时地管见

《费誓》为《尚书·周书》中的一篇，《书序》及《史记》都称该篇为鲁侯伯禽所作，但后人有不少对此疑而不信，今人则因春秋时期的鲁僖公曾与淮夷争斗，以为《费誓》作于此时。其实，鲁国与淮夷之间的冲突是长期的，周初尤烈，周成王十三年，周公去世不久，鲁侯伯禽曾经会王师“伐戎”，《费誓》可能即作于此时。至于费地所在，后世学者由于不明今山东鱼台境内古费地的存在，遂多误指其为后来鲁国季氏费邑之“费”。实际上，伯禽之时，鲁国势力未至此。《费誓》之“费”应指古费国之“费”，在当今鱼台境内。

My humble opinion on the time and place of the speech at BI

The Speech at Bi is one chapter in Zhou shu of the Documents (Shang shu), which was ascribed to be written by Bo Qin, a Marquis of Lu both in Shu xu and the Historiographical Records. Nowadays people think it was composed in the Sping and Autumn Period because during which a conflict between Duke Xi of Lu and Huai barbarians took place. But the conflict lasted long , which was more violent at the initial stage of Zhou Dynasty. Bo Qin joined forces of royal Zhou to make a punitive expedition against the barbarians in the 13th year of King Cheng of Zhou at which the Speech at Bi was probably written. As to the accurate place of Bi,scholars of later ages inclined to mislocating it as the later Bi Feoff of the Ji Clan of the State of Lu while they did not realize the existence of the ancient Bi site in Yutai County, Shandong Province. Nevertheless, the State of Lu did not exercise control over Bi Feoff in the reign of Bo Qin. The Bi concerning the Speech at Bi should denote the ancient State of Bi that located in Yutai County .