忏悔意识在世界的传播及其对中国的辐射

<圣经>里有原罪与救赎观,人类始祖亚当与夏娃偷吃了伊甸园中的禁果,因此人一生下来就是有罪的,需要向"神"即"上帝"进行"忏悔",才能获得灵魂的拯救.忏悔意识在世界上广为传播,并给人类以深刻的影响.卢梭在欧洲启蒙主义运动中,力主"天赋人权",呼唤自由、平等与博爱,写作<忏悔录>,把自己曾经行窃、流氓、恩将仇报等恶行隐私暴露在世人面前.卢梭以他的赤诚与坦荡,被托尔斯泰誉为"18世纪全世界的良心".俄国托尔斯泰感受到自己作为贵族阶层的"罪恶",创作<忏悔录>,强调"道德上的自我完善",主张"人人忏悔,去恶从善".<复活>塑造了聂赫留朵夫"忏悔贵族"形象.巴金称赞托尔斯泰是"19世纪全世界的良心".德国勃兰特以"下跪总理"名扬天下,日本以屡屡参拜靖国神社而遭到全世界的谴责和唾弃.五四时期以来,中国知识分子进行"忏悔",鲁迅、巴金、曹禺、郁达夫、铁凝等作品中渗透了浓郁的"忏悔意识".这实际上是中国进步的知识人士张扬中国传统儒家"内圣"思想,即内心反省的结果,又融合了西方基督教原罪与救赎观和<忏悔录>思想精华的结晶.

The Spread of Repentance Awareness in the World and Its Radiation on China

In the Bible,there are the original sin and redemption.Adam and Eve,the two human ancestors,ate the forbidden fruit of the Garden of Eden,so man is born guilty,and needs to repent to God for salvation.Repentance consciousness spreads widely in the world and has profound impact on human beings.Rousseau,in the European Enlightenment movement,advocated natural rights,calling for freedom,equality and fraternity.He wrote Confessions, exposing his burglary,hooliganism and other evil deeds to the public.Rousseau,i...