论民国时期日本对华侵渔活动及其特点与影响

按照国际法或国际惯例，沿岸国对于本国领海内的渔业资源享有独占权。自从19世纪末20世纪初以来，中国渔业权的保护问题变得日益突出，中国的专属渔权受到了严重侵犯，民国时期日本对华侵渔活动尤其猖獗。民国时期，日本政府及私人组织对中国沿海渔业资源状况进行了大量的调查，开始了蓄谋已久的对华侵渔活动，从中国东北沿海到闽粤沿海，没有一处地方见不到日本侵渔渔轮的身影。相对于其他列强对华侵渔来说，日本侵渔具有自身的特点。日本侵渔持续了半个多世纪，产生了非常深远的影响。它迟缓了中国渔业发展步伐，破坏了中国领海主权完整。同时，它在客观上刺激了中国领海制度的建设。

Characteristics and Affects of Japan's Illegal Fishing in the Waters of China during the Period of Republic of China ( 1912- 1949)

According to international law or international practice,all the fishery resources of territorial waters belong to the country inshore only.Since the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,the problem of protecting the fishery right of China had become increasing serious,the exclusive fishery right of China was violated.During the Republic of China period Japan was rampant in fishing in the waters of China illegally.In order to carry out their illegal fishing plan,the Japanese government and personal organizations carried on massive investigations to Chinese fishery resources.They fished illegally in the waters of China illegally all-around,from the northeast coast to the coasts of Fujian and Guangdong provinces.There were Japanese fishing vessels everywhere in China.Compare with other big powers,Japan had its own characteristics in fishing in China illegally.Japanese fishing in China lasted more than half a century and had the extremely profound influence.It was a factor holding back the development of China's fishery.It also destroyed the integrity of Chinese sovereignty over territorial waters.But on the other hand,it was an objective factor accelerating the constitution of the system of territorial waters in China.