康德的道德哲学及其评价——以“义务和道德法则的普遍理念”为视角

以"义务和道德法则的普遍理念"为视角阐明康德的道德哲学是可以从康德的原著中直接把握到的基本线索;从试图应对现代性问题出发,借助对"义务和道德法则的普遍理念"的阐明,康德建构了一套关涉"目的论"和"自由"的道德学说;这一学说有其重大的理论意义,但也有其基本的理论限度;马克思的"实践"概念和历史唯物主义学说则为我们认清这一限度提供了巨大的理论价值,也为我们审视当下社会文化的基本状况和建构合理的新的生活方式起到了重大的指导作用。

Kantian Moral Philosophy and Its Estimation——From Perspective of " Universal Concepts of Obligation and Ethical Rules"

To illuminate Kantian moral philosophy,the perspective of "the universal concepts of obligation and ethical rules" is one of the basic clues that we can directly find in Kant's works.Starting from the problems of modernity, through the elucidation of "the universal concepts of obligation and ethical rules",Kant built up a new moral doctrine that related to "teleology" and "liberty".This new doctrine with its basic limits has great theoretical meanings. Marx's theory of practice and historical materialism not only provide us with much values to recognize these limits,but also guide us to discern today's basic questions of social culture and establish new and proper life styles.