我国生鲜乳采购垄断与供应链安全研究

生鲜乳商品的独享性和生产投资的专用性，相关法规制度不完善，奶农合作社地位薄弱以及奶站和奶企的社会责任缺失是导致生鲜乳市场买方垄断的根本原因。买方垄断导致利益分配严重失衡，进而危及生鲜乳供应链安全运行。针对奶企垄断应采取“堵”的策略，抑制其垄断行为；对奶农应采取“疏”和“鼎”相结合的策略，培育遏制垄断的外部力量，以促进公平竞争，保障我国生鲜乳供应链安全。为此，应加大生鲜乳收购的保护力度，加快第三方质量检测机构的建立，完善定价机制；尽快建立适用于奶农合作社运行的法律法规，完善奶业保险体系的建设，走规模化、合作社化和现代化养殖之路，从而实现对奶企垄断的“堵”，对处于弱势地位奶农的“疏”和“鼎”。

A Study on Monopoly in Raw Milk Procurement and Security of Dairy Supply Chain in China

Monopoly in raw milk procurement enjoyed by dairy collecting stations and dairy enterprises results in specificity of fresh milk commodity and high specific investment in its production ,imperfection of the related laws and regulations ,weak cooperatives positions of dairy farmers ,and lack of social responsibility of dairy collec-ting stations and dairy enterprises .It is dairy market monopoly that has caused imbalance in benefit distribution and risk in supply chain security operation .To keep the monopoly under control ,“blocking strategy” should be applied so as to inhibit the monopoly behaviors .“Guidelines and support strategy”combined should be employed for dairy farmers to cultivate external forces to curb monopoly behaviors ,to promote fair competition and to ensure the safety operation of raw milk supply chain in China .Therefore ,we should strengthen the protection of fresh milk purchase ,accelerate the establishment of quality inspection of the third party and improve the pricing mecha-nism .And we should also establish laws and regulations suitable for cooperative operation of dairy farmers ,perfect the construction of insurance systems of the dairy industry .Farmers should take scale ,cooperative and modern ways in dairy cattle breeding as soon as possible .Thus ,the“guidelines and support”to the farmers can be comple-ted ,and“blocking” to the monopoly as w ell .