从《悲剧心理学》看朱光潜对悲剧快感的创新性论述

《悲剧心理学》是朱光潜留学欧洲期间写作的博士论文。这本著作在对各种西方悲剧快感理论批判研究的基础上,提出了作者对于悲剧快感的创新性理解,在悲剧快感、悲剧精神、悲剧缘由这几个方面尤其见出作者思考的深入和见解的创新。他强调悲剧快感是由于痛苦在悲剧中被感觉到并得到表现,从而消除了因郁积的能量导致的高强度的紧张,郁积的能量在得到宣泄和缓和后,就引起了快感。在悲剧精神上,他是既悲观又乐观,但归根结底是乐观的。他看重的是悲剧中体现出来的虽然失败毁灭但依然强烈的人类的尊严以及由此而生的振奋之感。关于悲剧缘由,朱光潜由于受古希腊悲剧的影响,特别重视命运在悲剧中的决定性意义。

Mr. Zhu Guangqian's Innovative Elaboration of the Tragic Delight through Psychology of Tragedy

Psychology of Tragedy was Mr.Zhu Guangqian's doctoral dissertation when he studied in Europe.In this work,based on his critical study of theories of various western tragic delights,Mr.Zhu Guangqian put forward his innovative understanding towards tragic delight,from which we can see the author's deep reflection and creative ideas in tragic delight,tragic spirit and tragic reasons.He emphasized that as painful feeling was sensed and manifested in tragedy,intensified nervousness caused by depressed energy vanished,and that after depressed energy was let out and mitigated,delight emerged.In the case of tragic spirit,Mr.Zhu Guangqian was both pessimistic and optimistic.But in the final analysis,he was optimistic because he valued human's strong sense of dignity embodied in tragedies and inspiration arisen from this.As to tragic reasons,Zhu Guangqian,with influence from ancient Greek tragedies,attached special importance to the decisive significance of fate in tragedy.