对宗教组织之信任的探索性研究——以上海数据为例

本文利用上海市的调查数据，从宗教归属、人口学变量、社会经济地位因素、社会信任、社会参与和其他机构信任等方面对宗教组织信任进行分析，了解人们对宗教组织信任的现状及影响因素，并对相关的研究进行回应。结果显示，与对其它机构的信任相比，民众对宗教组织的信任处于一个较低水平；宗教归属、社会信任、组织参与和对世俗机构的信任对宗教组织信任的影响最大；阶层、社会参与也有一定的影响；性别、年龄、受教育程度和政治面貌等无影响。

A Preliminary Study on the Trust of Religious Organizations:Based on the Data from Shanghai

The relation between religious faith and trust is one of the important topics in sociology of religion. Its discussion can be approached on two planes: religious faith as an independent variable in studying the degrees of trust with different religious affiliations and/or religious faith as a dependent variable in terms of its degrees and acceptance. Religious studies in China and most studies in other countries mainly focus on the former, and a few western studies, if with the latter approach, are primarily testing Chaves’ new secularization theory in an empirical way. Moreover, trust of non religious organizations or institutions, a common research topic in general sociology, is not taken into account in such studies. This paper argues that, as a western thesis, the secularization theory refers to the phenomenon that religion is losing its authority in all aspects of social life. In contrast, religion in China is experiencing fast growth. This paper explores people’s attitudes towards religion on its rapid rise from the quite ideal angle of their trust of the religious organizations, with due consideration to the culture based patterns in organization trust studies in general sociology. Using the data from 2011 Residents’ Legal Consciousness and Action in Shanghai, the author performed the multinomial logistic regression to analyze people’s trust of the religious organizations as a function of religious affiliation, demographic factors, socioeconomic status (SES), social trust and trust in other institutions. It was found that, compared with the trust of other organizations, Shanghai people trusted the religious organizations at a lower level but their trust degree in this regard had risen as compared with earlier data in similar social surveys. Religious affiliation, social trust, organizational participation and trust in the secular institutions had the strongest relations with the trust of religious organizations; the next were SES and social participation; but sex, age, education, or political status were independent of it. To be specific, related to religious affiliation, religious believers had higher trust in religious organizations than non believers; members of an institutional religion had higher trust in religious organizations than non member believers; and believers of the traditional Chinese institutional religion showed stronger trust in religious organizations than those with Abraham religion. In regards to SES, the levels of the trust in religious organizations, from highest to lowest, corresponded to the levels of SES in the order of upper and upper middle class, middle class, and lower class. In addition, trust in religious organizations was positively correlated with social trust and trust of other organizations in secular social and public sectors.
Keywords： trust of religious organization | religious affiliation | faith and religion | culture based pattern | social structure