“反启蒙”之滥觞——历史主义兴起的哲学反思

历史主义的兴起主要是基于一种"反启蒙"的历史意识的觉醒,它反对启蒙哲学所宣扬的普遍理性和普遍价值。历史主义与启蒙运动的关系问题是历史主义思潮兴起的重要理论背景,其中浪漫主义对启蒙运动的反抗与决裂在此问题中起了重要的中介作用。历史主义的理论合理性就在于赋予了普遍价值以历史特殊性的维度,但它推崇的个体历史观和价值的特殊性最终走向了国家和民族利益至上的专制和排外,结果造成了包括本民族在内的世界性灾难。这需要从哲学上加以反思,而比较历史主义和历史唯物主义对待启蒙遗产的态度是一个重要的视角。

The Beginning of Anti-enlightenment: The Philosophical Reflection on the Rise of Historicism

The rise of historicism is against universal rationality and universal value.The relation between historicism and the Enlightenment is the theoretical background of the rise of historicism,in which romanticism plays the important role as the Counter-Enlightenment.The rationality of historicism was that it admitted the particularity of the universal value,but its persisting in the particularity extremely to the national interest resulted in the worldwide disaster.We should reflect on it,in which comparing the difference between the historicism and historical materialism’s attitudes to the heritage of the enlightenment is an important viewpoint.