论我国除权判决与公示催告制度的完善

基于票据的设权性与无因性之统一，其内囊括之实体权利与其外存在之承载介质本在一般条件下密不可分，对介质客体的背书占有是行使票据内在权利之充要条件。但当票据介质未处于实际最后权利人占有的状态，其不仅存在被第三人取得并继续流通的可能，亦会进一步导致实际最后权利人合法利益受损。因此，在进行除权判决时，如何保护实际最后权利人的利益行使，防止恶意申请公示催告的救济途径就显得尤为重要。本文以票据被恶意除权后实际最后合法持票人如何实现救济为争议焦点的一个典型案例进行切入，分析目前我国票据除权判决与公示催告制度存在的问题，并对票据除权之诉的系统立法完善及司法适用提出合理建议。

The Improvement of Invalidating Judgement and Public Disclousure Dunning

The bill is a kind of abstract marketable security, and the rights attached thereto are inseparable from the bill itself. The exercise of the right of bill shall be based on the actual possession of the bill. In case of loss of the bill, the bill may be obtained by a third party and continue to circulate, which may further cause actual damage to the interests of ultimate bill owner. Therefore, when the judgment is invalidated, it is especially important to protect the interests of the actual ultimate bill owner, and prevent the remedy approach of malicious application for public summons. This paper starts from the cases where the dispute focus is how the actual ultimate lawful bearer realizes remedy after the bill is invalidated, analyzes the current problems existing in the remedy system after the action of bill invalidation, and proposes reasonable suggestions for the system legislation improvement of the action of bill invalidation, as well as the enhancement of judicial applicability of the action of bill invalidation.