嵌入性视角下新型农业经营主体的适应性调适

当前新型农业经营主体的规模化经营大都处于亏损状态，其主要根源在于新型农业经营主体脱离农村社区，盲目扩大种植面积；农业雇工过程中劳动力成本高，道德风险问题突出。但研究发现部分新型农业经营主体在现实实践中找到了突破口，他们通过获取政治身份、人情化运作和策略性妥协的调适机制，即通过政治嵌入、文化嵌入和结构嵌入的方式，利用地方社会和农村社区中有利的制度安排和政治资源，争取发展空间，并依靠人情、面子等村庄文化和关系网络，建立起农业工人的监督机制和激励机制，降低交易成本，增加经营收益。同时，新型农业经营主体发展方向的调整和适度规模经营，有助于促进小农户与现代农业发展的有机衔接，构建完善的新型农业经营体系，从而加快推进乡村振兴战略的步伐。

Adaptation of New Agricultural Business Entities From the Perspective of Embeddedness

At present,the large scale operation of most new agricultural business entities is in a state of loss,which is mainly rooted in the fact that new agricultural business entities are separated from the rural community and blindly expands the planting area.Labor costs are high and moral hazards are prominent in the process of agricultural hiring,which are also the reasons.They are influenced by institutional arrangements and political environment as well.However, this study found that some new agricultural business entities have found a breakthrough in practice.They strive for development space by acquiring political identity,humane operation and strategic compromise adjustment mechanism, that is,by means of political embedding, cultural embedding and structural embedding,utilizing favorable institutional environment and political resources in local society and rural communities,and establishing supervision mechanism and incentive mechanism for agricultural workers by relying on village culture and relationship network such as human relationship and face.This can reduce transaction costs and increase operating income.At the same time,the adjustment of the development direction of new agricultural business entities and the appropriate scale of operation will help to promote the organic connection between small scale peasants and modern agricultural development.Then it can build a perfect new type agricultural management system,and accelerate the pace of Rural Revitalization strategy.