美国联邦政府社区“一老一小”代际间互助项目的价值取向与运行机制——美国代理祖父母志愿者项目的经验

美国代理祖父母志愿者项目是借助代际间服务型学习方法，以满足社区需求为导向，利用各类资源实施的一种社区教育和服务活动，旨在改善老年人生活质量，促进老年人和儿童青少年共同发展，构建互利共生社区服务型学习生态。其运行机制包括涵盖招募选拔、志愿者培训、服务实践和绩效评估四个环节及分工明确的协同合作。其项目实践以循证服务模式为依托，项目设计与运行保持了一定的自主性，效果评估体现了综合多维性。美国代理祖父母志愿者项目可以为我国发挥社区作用，推动社区教育发展，促进养老托幼一体化服务建设，构建互利共生的服务型学习生态提供参考借鉴。

The Value Orientation and Operating Mechanism of the Communitywide Intergenerational Interdependence Program in the UnitedStates: The Experience of Foster Grandparent Program in the United States

The Foster Grandparent Program is a community-based volunteer program which involved education and service activities guided by the intergenerational service-learning approach. This program is designed to meet the need of the community, improve the quality of life of senior citizens, promote the mutual development of the elderly, children and adolescents, build a mutually beneficial and symbiotic community service-learning ecosystems by means of utilizing various resources in and beyond the community. The operating mechanism includes a four-step design and operation mechanism covering recruitment and selection, volunteer training, service practice and performance evaluation, as well as a cooperative organization mechanism with clear division of labor. Based on the evidence-based service model, the design and operation of each project maintains a certain autonomy, and the performance evaluation also reflects the comprehensive multidimensional nature. The Foster Grandparent Program provides a reference for China to promote the development of community education, the construction of integrated services for the elderly and children, and build a mutually beneficial and symbiotic service-oriented learning ecology.