敬畏是一种心境——宋明儒家敬畏思想的一种诠释

基于宋明儒家敬畏思想的整体梳理可知，敬畏不仅是一种情感，还是一种工夫和心境。敬畏心境是将天之生于人的性理发明为己身主宰，表现为心处于“诚”且“专”的状态。敬畏心境与敬畏情感、敬畏工夫两者之间存在本末、先后以及体用关系，把持和修行敬畏的情感和工夫可以涵育敬畏心境，持守敬畏的心境也可以使敬畏情感得以中正、敬畏工夫得以自然。敬畏心境也有其独特的涵养之道，一方面可以通过“系心于一事”、“一心在理上”以及“必有事”的工夫为己身确立主宰，另一方面又可以通过在格物致知中致以“精一之功”使己身之主既“诚”且“专”。

Reverence as a Mental State:An Interpretation of Reverence in Neo-Confucianism

It can be seen from an overview of reverence in Neo-Confucianism that reverence is not only a kind of feeling, but also an approach and mental state. The mental state of reverence regards the inborn humanity and justice of nature as the dominator which is embodied in the integrity and concentration of heart state. The relationship between mental state and feeling as well as approach of reverence is fundamental and incidental, antecedent and subsequent, physical and functional. Keeping the feeling and approach of reverence under control can cultivate the mental state. Upholding the mental state of reverence can also make the feeling unbiased and the approach natural. The mental state of reverence has its special way of self-cultivation which can set up the object as dominator by fully concentrating and occupying on approaches of Song-Ming Neo-Confucian moral philosophy as well as cultivating the morality. On the other hand, the object’s qualities of honesty and devotion can be fostered by studying the nature of things with pure pursuit.