激发道德需要是提高学校德育实效性的关键

德育实效性不高问题的关键不是道德理论问题，也不是教育或者教学方法的问题，而是教育对象或者从根本上说国民有没有不断提高自身道德水平意愿的问题。重树道德社会氛围，激发国民的道德需要才是提高德育实效性根本措施。道德需要是学生接受道德教育和道德观念的心理基础，是道德增长的内部动力，直接决定道德教育的效果。道德需要决定于社会生产需要，并且随社会生产方式和生产关系的变化不断更新发展。可实践性是道德的基本属性，从一定角度看道德选择就是发展策略的选择，只有“有利”于国民生产和社会实践的行为准则才会被接受，才会被内化为国民的道德需要。我国道德教育效果不明显与不重视道德需要的培养有直接关系。为此，政府和管理当局只有营造良好的能使道德行为受到及时的正面激励和非道德行为得到及时有效惩处的道德环境，才能达到“囚徒困境”，良好社会道德风尚才能树立起来，德育实效性不高的问题才能根本解决。高校应始终成为社会道德的制高点，要敢于打破旧的道德观念，树立新的道德标准和理念，在社会生产发展中积极引领道德观念的变革发展，进而推动社会的发展和新道德风尚的形成。

AROUSING MORAL DEMAND IS THE KEY TO IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MORAL EDUCATION IN UNVEISITIES

The key to the ineffectiveness of moral education lies not in moral theories, educating and teaching methods but in whether or not the people of a nation are willing to improve their own moral standard. Re - establishing a social moral atmosphere and arousing people＇s demand for morals are fundamentally effective measures. A moral need is the mental basis for students＇ accepting moral education and moral ideology and is the internal driving force for upholding students＇ morals and determines the effectiveness of moral education. The paper holds that only by attaching importance to the cultivating of a moral need, encouraging moral behavior and punishing immoral behavior can good social moral vogues be established. It believes that universities should take the lead in establishing new moral values and concepts so as to promote social development and form new moral vogues.