基于SNA生产观的生产负担不均等测度与分解

 基于SNA生产观，本文讨论了总生产负担、SNA生产负担和非SNA生产负担的不均等规律。理论分析表明，三类生产负担的具体分布取决于个人或家庭的生产时间分配模式，个人受实际SNA报酬率和总生产时间的影响较大，而家庭往往视性别因素为基本决策前提。本文据此实际测度了我国居民各类生产负担不均等现状并对形成总不均等的要素及子群来源进行了分解。研究表明：(1)与城乡区域因素相比，生产负担不均等更易受性别因素的影响，影响力度与生产负担的具体形式密切相关；(2)女性居民承担了更沉重的总生产负担，非SNA生产为其主要负担来源，男性居民的总生产负担较轻，其主要负担来源为SNA生产；(3)无论是居民总体还是各子群体，生产负担不均等主要归因于SNA生产负担，而子群内部不均等是造成总不均等的决定力量。

Measurement and Decomposition of Inequalities in Production Burden Distribution: SNA Production Perspective

Based on the SNA production concept, this paper discusses the unequal distribution laws of total production burden, SNA production burden and non-SNA production burden. Theoretical analysis shows that the distribution of above burdens depends on personal or family’s patterns of production time allocation. Individual is influenced greatly by real SNA return ratio and total production time, but for family, gender factor is always regarded as an essential prerequisite. According to this, the paper measures unequal situations of the various types of production burden distribution of our residents, and decomposes the elements and subgroups which cause the total inequality. The results show that: (1)Comparing with the factor of urban and rural areas, the unequal distribution of production burden is influenced more easily by gender and the degree is bounded up with the specific forms of the production burdens. (2)Comparing with male residents, who take SNA production as their main burden, female residents bear a heavier total production burden, and non-SNA production burden is the main source. (3)Whether the general population or the subgroups, the unequal distribution of production burden is mainly attributed to the SNA production burden, and the inequality within subgroups is the total force which leads to the total inequality.