共同但有区别的责任原则下中国生物多样性立法的体系化

现有生物多样性立法虽已形成来源多元、规模庞大的规范群,却面临共性不足、特性不彰的体系化困境。共同但有区别的责任原则蕴含了本体论与方法论的双重价值,因而在国内法之维存在适用的合理性,也能够为生物多样性立法的体系化提供有益理论滋养。在本体论方面,共同但有区别的责任原则的价值在于实质正义,可被解构为同等情况同等对待的同一性正义与特殊情况特殊对待的差异性正义。至于方法论价值,共同但有区别的责任原则指向的是在提炼共性与承认特性的基础上实现类型化。在共同但有区别的责任原则指引下,生物多样性立法体系是以实质正义为核心的内在体系与以类型化为思路的外在体系的合一构造。其中,为建构统而有别的生物多样性立法外在体系,宜制定一部统领性的《生物多样性保护法》,并依据领域与地域的特性进行差异化立法。

Systematization of Biodiversity Legislation under the Principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility

Although the existing biodiversity legislation has formed a large group of norms from multiple sources,it faces the dilemma of systematization with insufficient commonality and lack of specificity.The principle of common but differentiated responsibility contains both ontological and methodological values,and is therefore reasonable to be applied in the dimension of domestic law,and can provide useful theoretical nourishment for the systematization of biodiversity legislation.On the ontological aspect,the value of the principle of common but differentiated responsibility lies in the substantive justice,which can be deconstructed into the homogeneous justice of equal treatment in equal circumstances and the differentiated justice of special treatment in special circumstances.As for the methodological value,the principle of common but differentiated responsibility refers to the realization of typology based on the distillation of commonality and recognition of identity.Guided by the principle of common but differentiated responsibility,the biodiversity legislation system is a unified construction of an inner system based on the core of substantive justice and an outer system based on the idea of typology.In particular,in order to construct a unified but distinctive external system of biodiversity legislation,it is appropriate to enact a general Biodiversity Conservation Law and to make differentiated legislation according to the characteristics of fields and regions.