中国近代的垄断与"规制"——以福建批信局与国营邮局关系为例

近代福建侨批业状况比较特殊,形成了国营邮局试图垄断、私营批信局竞争这样的可竞争市场。1928-1949年,福建批信局与国营邮局在进入壁垒、具体业务和走私方面都存在冲突,虽然国营邮局占绝对优势,但福建批信局借助公会和海外华侨的支持,对其有相当的"规制"。因此,可竞争市场理论具有一定可行性,将它引入民间团体和消费者之中,所形成的社会力量也是"规制"垄断企业的一种重要方法,可以此弥补仅从政府层面规制垄断企业的不足。

Monopoly and Regulation In Modem China——A Case Study of the Relations Between Pixin Agencies and State-operated Post Offices in Fujian Province

Qiaopi Industry in modern Fujian Province was very special and developed into the contestable market in which the state-operated post offices tried to monopolize and private Pixin Agencies competed.There were some contradictions of the market obstacles,service operations and smuggling activities from 1928 to 1949,Pixin Agencies could compete with the post offices and played a regulatory role,supported by the industry union and overseas Chinese,though the offices had the advantages.Therefore,the theory of contestable market is feasible.The social force such as industry union and consumer's organizations should be introduced to regulate the monopoly-oriented industry to complement the administrative regulation.