试析柏拉图正义探究的若干问题及其现实意义

柏拉图在《理想国》一书中借苏格拉底之口集中探讨了＂正义＂问题。从＂正义是永恒的善＂这一逻辑前提出发,在运用苏格拉底＂助产术＂归谬流俗观念和＂异己立场＂基础上,得出了＂城邦共同体主义的和谐正义观＂。然而,这一看似无懈可击的经典探究却存在着四个方面的问题：其逻辑论证存在偏狭不合理之处;他过分强调城邦本位,忽视了对个体的人文关怀;等级森严的僵化正义秩序,不利于人的自由发展;他的正义理念过于理想化,在现实中难以奏效。然而,柏拉图的这一正义探究在培养个人健全人格、促进社会和谐发展、处理人与自然的关系、处理国际关系等方面却有着非常重要的启发意义。

On Some Problems About the Researches on Plato's Justice and the Significance

In his The Republic,Plato,in the voice of Socrates,discussed the problemjustice.Based on the logic premiseJustice is the eternal kindnessand the application of the view of current fashion and reduction to absurdity in Socratic midwifery and the dissidence standpoint,he concluded the viewof harmonious justice of polis community.But the seemingly invulnerable classical exploration contains four problems: firstly its logical demonstration is intolerant and unreasonable,secondly he was too much polis-oriented a...