宽容、尊重与多元主义——评罗尔斯《万民法》中的宽容观

宽容观是罗尔斯的国际正义理论中的重要内容，罗尔斯认为自由人民应该宽容正派的等级制人民。实际上，罗尔斯的宽容观难以获得证成：一方面，他在论及自由人民为何要宽容正派的等级制人民的过程中所进行的类比论证是缺乏说服力的；另一方面，他在回应类比论证缺乏可行性这一指责的过程中主要诉诸循环论证，这同样是缺乏说服力的。如果自由人民要真正与正派的等级制人民实现和平共处，那么自由人民仅仅宽容正派的等级制人民是不够的，还应当在真正尊重正派的等级制人民的基础之上，对其所持有的非自由主义的政治学说持一种多元主义的态度。

Toleration,respect and pluralism:On the concept of toleration in Rawls-s Law of Peoples

The concept of toleration is an important content of John Rawls''s theory of international justice.Rawls thinks that liberal peoples should tolerate decent hierarchical peoples.In fact,Rawls''s concept of toleration cannot be justified.On the one hand,his analogical arguments are not convincing.On the other hand,his reply to the lack of feasibility for his analogical arguments relies mainly on circular reasoning,which is also not convincing.If liberal peoples want to achieve peaceful coexistence with decent hierarchical peoples,liberal peoples should not only respect decent hierarchical peoples but also hold an attitude of pluralism towards their political theories of non-liberalism.