社会学的转向————-一种基于个人的立场

西方社会学是在特定的历史背景中成长起来并服务于政府与其他社会组织的社会科学，因此它的知识传统具有一种职业性的立场。比较其他相关学科，这一立场导致了社会学很难给普通个体带来什么收益，由此社会学不是像它自己声称的那样有使个体增益的用途。若想改变这种局面，社会学需要重新认识社会结构与行动之间的关系，发展出一套演绎性的知识体系。而社会交换论及其延伸是这一转向的前兆，它给个人立场的社会学以希望，也为中国本土研究重构这一立场带来了契机。

A Shift towards Individual's Standpoint in Sociology

Western sociology is a social science that took root and developed in a particular historical context. It has been providing service to the government and other social institutions. For this reason， its intellectual heritage engenders a certain professional incentive structure， which makes it relatively difficult， in comparison with other related disciplines， to bring much benefit to individuals， a professed aim of sociology. To change this situation， sociology must revisit the relationship between social structures and behavioral agency to develop a deductive intellectual system built on the social exchange theory and its extensions， which is the precursor of a directional shift in sociology. It gives hope to a kind of “sociology for individuals” and an opportunity to reconstruct an indigenous sociology in China.