审美观照之“入乎其内”与“出乎其外”——中国“出入”说、“虚静、物化”说与西方“移情”、“距离”说之比较

东西方的美学理论,有相同的共性,但其文化的差异,使得它们在具有共同规律的同时,又具有明显的差异。文章试图将中国传统的“虚静、物化”、“出入”说理论与西方具有可比性的“移情”、“距离”说进行比较分析。“出入”说虽然由来已久,但真正从审美观照角度来谈“出入”法的是王国维,而“虚静、物化”理论则从老庄就开始了。西方的“移情”、“距离”说是近代西方美学具有巨大影响的理论,它们产生的时间和观念虽与中国传统的美学理论有着不谋而合的某种契合,但与中国的美学观念还是有本质的差异的。文章以中国的“出入说”、“虚静、物化”理论为主轴,以“移情”、“距离”做比照,分析其同异。

The Comparison between the Chinese Theories of "In and Out", "Xu jing,Wu hua" and the Occidental Theories of "Empathy", "Interval"

There is a lot of commonness between oriental and occidental aesthetics.At the same time,they are still quite different from each other because of the great culture diversities.This article tries to analyse and compare the Chinese traditional theories of "Xu jing,Wu hua","In and Out" with the comparable occidental theories of"Empathy","Interval".The theory of "In and Out" has an age-long origin,but the very first one to talk about it with the aesthetics sense was Wang Guowei,while the theory of "Xu jing,Wu hua" started from the period of Laozi and Zhuangzi.The theories of "Empathy","Interval" are the more effective theories of modem occidental aesthetics,whose generation times and concepts happen to agree with the Chinese traditional aesthetic theories.But they are essentially different.The article takes the Chinese theories of "In and Out","Xujing,Wu hua" as a principal axis,makes comparison and contrast with "Empathy","Interval",and analyses their similarities and differences.