20世纪古代文论体系研究的现状与反思

表现主义理论体系、杂文学观念体系、《文心雕龙》即体系、以“原人”说为中心的人本主义诗学体系，是20世纪古代文论体系研究中体系论者的代表性看法。从以“古”构“古”；以“今”构“古”；以“西”构“中”；以博取约等四种体系建构策略可以见出，背景理论知识或体系建构中的“前理解”框架已成为制约体系建构及其建构策略中的决定性因素；寻求对“前理解”的突破、超越或建设性的“视界融合”已成为体系研究及其建构策略的最新动向。其中，为完善学科而进行体系建构；与西方文论一较高下；认知和传播需要；出于知识或职业趣味等心理动机对古代文论研究的影响值得反思。在体系研究中一定程度地抑制体系化冲动，在体系建构中克服体系先验预设所带来的片面性，有赖于理论构架与经验事实的相互支撑，有赖于对古代文论诸现象内部有机联系的准确而客观的复现；历史经验事实的还原在理论体系建构中应是第一位的。体系建构，不能以“逻各斯中心主义”为“体系”话语的活动杠杆，而必须在“道”与“逻各斯”平等对话的基础上来进行。“道”与“逻各斯”如何在深层次上获得融通没有得到合理解决，过早的体系化必然导致观念与理路上的错位与失范。

The Status Quo and Reflections on the Research of Classical Literature Criticism Theory in the 20th Century

The expressionism theoretical system,scribble concept system,the system of Wen Xin Diao Long,and the humanism poetic system centered by "protoplast" theory,are the representative ideas of ancient literature criticism.From the existing four structural systems we can see that background knowledge,or the foregrounding in the structural system has become a decisive factor to restrict the system construction,therefore surpassing the previous systems has become the latest trend in the systematic research and construction.Among these efforts,several motivations are worth consideration.To overcome the unilateralism brought forward by previous presumption,it is worthwhile to depend on the mutual support of theoretical frame and empirical facts,to depend on the accurate and objective reproduction of the various phenomena within the field of ancient literature criticism.The reversion of historical and empirical facts to theoretical construction should be put in the first position.In the system construction,we can not put logo centrism as the discourse activity pry,instead,we should conduct it on an equal condition.Too early systemization will lead to errors in concept and model.