中国野生大豆遗传多样性研究

遗传多样性研究是保护生物学研究的重要内容之一,对种质资源的保存利用和研究有重要的理论价值及实践意义.野生大豆是栽培大豆的野生近缘种,在长期自然环境选择下形成了较为丰富的变异类型,是大豆的珍贵基因库,具有高蛋白含量、较强的抗逆性和较高的繁殖系数等优良特点,为栽培大豆的遗传育种和种质改良提供了重要的基因资源.从20世纪80年代初开始,中国科研工作者在对全国野生大豆（Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.）搜集考察基础上,分别从农艺性状、酶水平、基因水平和细胞质水平揭示了野生大豆的遗传多样性.近30年野生大豆遗传多样性的研究成果表明,野生大豆遗传多样性研究为野生大豆的种质保护与保存奠定了理论基础,同时,也为野生大豆作为栽培大豆的遗传资源提供了有效利用的理论依据.

On the Research on the Genetic Diversity of the Chinese Wild Soybean

soybean Wild soybean （Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.）, acknowledged as the relative wild species of cultivated （G. max L.Merr.）, has many important traits, such as the strong resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors which cultivated soybeans do not possess. Therefore, the wild soybean germplasm is a potential genetic reservoir for crop improvement. Wild soybean is extensively distributed in East Asia. China is considered as the diversification centre of wild soybean. The diverse growing conditions of wild soybean in China contribute to numerous phenotypes of wild soybean,which also reflect the evolution process through long-term natural and artificial selection. In the early 1980s Chinese researchers revealed the genetic diversity of wild soybean, on the basis of their collection and investigation of wild soybean countrywide, respectively in the aspects of agronomic character, enzyme level, gene level and cytoplasmic level. The last 30 years of research on the genetic diversity of wild soybean show that the research on the genetic diversity of wild soybean not merely has laid a theoretical foundation for the protection and preservation of germplasm resources of wild soybean, but has also provided bases of utilization for use of wild soybean as genetic resources of cultivated soybean.