村规民约视角下的农地制度: 文本解读

文章考察和分析了村规民约中土地制度的主要内容、呈现的主要特点、存在的主要问题以及对农地制度变迁的可能启示。研究发现,村规民约中的土地制度呈现强化村庄集体对土地的权利、土地制度与村庄其他制度交织和镶嵌在一起、既遵守又规避国家的法律法规等三个特点。研究认为,我们对土地集体所有制以及这一制度形塑下的小农体系的意义和作用的认识还比较有限,现在如果盲目取消和抛弃这一制度,是否能得到好处是未知的,而坏处已经产生了;在制度环境发生变化的条件下,村民委员会的角色冲突已不是问题的关键,而集体缺乏经济基础以及村庄内部土地分配不公平已成为主要矛盾;当作为习惯法的村规民约与国家法相冲突时,不能公式化地强调以国家法同化习惯法,而应当寻求两者之间的相互妥协和合作。

Study on the Agricultural Land System from the Perspectiveof the Village Rules: Text Interpretation

The paper analysis the main contents,features and problems of the land system in village rules and its possible enlightenment to the changes of agricultural land system.It is found that the land system in village rules show three main features,they are to strengthen the land rights of village collective,interweave the land system with other village systems and comply with and avoid state laws.It is concluded:(1) our understanding is still limited to the land collective ownership and the meaning and function...