六国紧急状态法典之比较

俄、英、法、土、加5国的紧急状态法典的价值目标模式是以效率为主、民主为辅,而美国则是民主为主,兼顾效率。6国的法典除美国没有对调整对象直接界定外,其余5国都作了规定。这5国对实行紧急状态的实质要件的界定基本一致,差异性则表现在对紧急事件的分类上。美国和俄罗斯采用总统模式宣布紧急状态,其余4国则是行政模式,但6国的国会掌握着紧急状态是否能够最终生效的大权。6国的立法者在安排整部法典的体系结构时都遵循着两条基本主线,横向上依据紧急事态的类型,纵向上根据紧急事态的生命发展周期。

Comparison of Emergency Law of Six Countries

The value aim mode of the emergency law of Russian,the U.K.,France,Turkey and Canada pays more attention to efficiency than democracy,while the U.S.takes democracy as the most important.All the other five countries except the U.S.have directly defined the regulation objects.The five countries defined the essential factors of carrying out emergency status in a similar way.The difference lies in the category of emergency issue.In the U.S.and Russian,it is for the president to declare the emergency status,while the other four countries adopted administrative mode.But the congress of the six countries can decide whether the emergency status can be in operation.This article also compared other aspects of the emergency law in the six countries.