陈望道论离合

陈望道的离合研究,是与其析字研究联系在一起的。他的析字体现了他重视汉字修辞的理论主张。以析字命名来源于顾炎武,把析字分为三大类来源于王观国。在此基础上,他广集例证后归纳了九个小类,离合则成为其中的一类。陈望道第一次明确地揭示了离合与析字的关系,而且他所列例证及其分析体现了离合中“作者离,读者合”的结构形式,同时也指出了离合的替代功能。但是,陈望道关于离合的研究存在着明显的不足:把离合看做析字的一个小类,把《郡姓名字诗》这首综合运用离合与减笔的诗作为离合的典型例证,没有体现离合的另一种形式“作者合,读者离”。

Chen Wangdao's Theory of the Rhetoric Means of Deconstruction and Recombination of Chinese Character

Chen Wangdao's study of the rhetoric means of deconstruction and recombination of Chinese character is related to his study of character-analysis.In his character-analysis it is clearly stated that adequate attention should be given to Chinese character rhetoric.To give the name of this rhetoric means originated from Gu Yanwu,while it is Wang Weiguo who classified character-analysis into three categories.On the basis of these study achievements,he collected extensive illustrative examples and classified character-analysis into nine small categories in which deconstruction and recombination is just one of nine.Adequate acknowledgements should be given to Chen Wangdao's academic achievements in area,for it is he who for the first time clearly revealed the relationship between deconstruction and recombination of character and character-analysis,moreover,these illustrative examples and his analysis of them presented one structural form of deconstruction and recombination"deconstructing by the author,re-combining by the reader",and at the same time,he also put forward the replacing function of deconstruction and recombination.However,obvious faults can be found in his study of deconstruction and recombination: one is to put deconstruction and recombination into a small category of character-analysis;secondly,he used the poem Magic of Chinese Names,which is poem in which the rhetoric means deconstruction and recombination as well as stroke-reduction are both used,as one typical example of deconstruction and recombination;thirdly,another feature of deconstruction and recombination is not embodied: "re-combining by the reader,deconstructing by the author".