族群理论的流变及其与民族理论的关系

人类学(Anthropology)/民族学(Ethnology)传统上的核心概念是“文化(culture)”,其学术传统与我国1949年以来的以“民族”为核心概念的“民族研究”有较大的区别。人类学中的族群理论(theories of Ethnicity)虽非人类学传统的、核心的研究领域,但自20世纪70年代以来也成为一个热门话题,并与我国的民族理论有互相参照的意义。本文在回顾族群理论诸流派的基础上,重点论述了不同流派之间承袭与补充的关系;并论述指出,西方的“族群理论”与我国的“民族理论”分别代表主位和客位两种不同的视角、分别强调主观和客观两种不同的立场。

The Development and Change of Theories of Ethnicity and Their Relation with National Theories

Culture is the traditional and core concept of anthropology or ethnology,which has differed greatly from the "ethnic research" that centers on "nation" since 1949.Though the theories of ethnicity in anthropology were not the traditional and core research fields,they still became a hot issue since 1970s and had consultive significance with national theories.The article,on the basis of reviewing theories of ethnicity and their separate schools,discussed the inheriting and supplementing relations among different schools and pointed out that western "theories of ethnicity" and our "national theories" represented respectively major and minor viewpoint and emphasized respectively the subjective and objective stand ground.