《春秋》大义与关羽形象的儒雅化、道德化——《三国志》《三国志平话》与《三国志演义》中关羽形象比较

《三国演义》中关羽形象的典范化,其本质意义就在于作者为其注入了忠义盖世、儒雅绝伦的道德内涵,从而体现孔夫子所提倡的《春秋》大义。由于历史观的不同,造成了《三国演义》与《三国志》在叙事重点、细节选择、人物褒贬等多方面的不同,为了把关羽塑造成一个体现《春秋》大义的忠义英雄,罗贯中大胆虚构了一系列故事,以之强化和凸显关羽忠义品质。关羽的走麦城的悲剧虽然在军事上失败了,但在道德上和人格上却是胜利者。关羽与曹魏的军事冲突转变成道德的冲突。这正是儒家不以成败论英雄的历史观的集中反映。

Image Comparison of Guan Yu in History of the Three Kingdoms (三国志),Popular Stories in History of the Three Kingdoms (三国志平话) and Romance of the Three Kingdoms (三国演义)

The essence of modeling the image of Guan Yu in Romance of the Three Kingdomsis that the author endows it with moral content of unparalleled royalty and grace,by which reflects the great righteousness advocated by Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Annals.Due to different historical viewpoint,the narration focus,detail selection and character appraisal in Romance of the Three Kingdoms(三国演义)and History of the Three Kingdoms(三国志) are not the same.In order to model Guan Yu as a royal hero reflecting the great righteousness in the Spring and Autumn Annals,Luo Guanzhong boldly fabricates a series of stories to strengthen and demonstrate Guan Yu's character of royalty.In the tragedy in Maicheng,though Guan Yu is defeated militarily,he is winner in morality and personality.To change the military conflict between Guan Yu and Cao Cao's army to be a conflict of morality is a central reflection of the Confucian historical viewpoint that we can not judge a man to be a hero or not only by his military success.