西周与西汉老人特权现象之比较

西周与西汉的老人特权现象有着三大差异:其一,西周老人特权的赋予,是西周统治者因俗而治的结果;而西汉老人特权的赋予,则是西汉统治者治弊更俗的历史性选择。其二,德行导引之师,是西周老人的主要特权身份;而被救助社会群体,则是西汉老人的主要特权身份。其三,对于老人特权的保障,西周以礼制规约,西汉多以政令开道。

Comparison of the Phenomenon of the Privilege of the Senior between the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty

There are three big gaps on the phenomenon of the privilege of the senior between the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty. The first gap is on the background. The privilege granted to the senior in the Western Zhou Dynasty is the result of its rulers’ implementing the policy according to the local customs, while in the Western Han Dynasty it is the historical choice of its rulers’ governance of shortcomings and changing customs. The second one is the identification difference. In the Western Zhou Dynasty the senior are the moral guidance for the whole society, while those in the Western Han Dynasty are depending on the social assistance. The third gap is in the social security mechanism. The privilege of the senior in the Western Zhou is regulated by the code of etiquette, while in the Western Han Dynasty which is carried out by the government orders.