经济转轨以前俄罗斯人口贫困状况及原因

人口贫困是一个内涵十分广泛和深刻的社会历史范畴,究其实质而言,这是一种能力贫困。中国和俄罗斯等转轨国家在改革前存在许多共同的特征,更为重要的是,社会主义制度不是建立在高度发达的资本主义社会基础之上,这就注定了贫困与反贫困问题必然要成为这些国家面临的共同课题。所不同的是,苏联和当代俄罗斯的人口贫困主要表现为收入贫困,中国则主要是知识贫困。苏联时期人口贫困的主要原因有经济绩效的递减趋势、国家经济发展战略的错误、所有制结构的单一、收入分配机制中的平均主义。

Analysis on the Reasons and Conditions of Population Poverty in Russia before Economic Transition

Poverty is a context with very broad connotations and very profound social history,and it is a kind of capacity poverty if its nature is reviewed.Such countries as China,Russia,etc.during the transition shared many common features before their reforms,and more importantly,the socialist system is not built on the basis of highly-developed capitalist society,which determines that the issues of poverty and poverty alleviation are bound to become common issues encountered by these countries.The differences are that the poverty of the Soviet Union and contemporary Russia lies in insufficient amount of incomes,while that of China reveals itself in the lack of knowledge.The major causes of poverty during the period of the Soviet Union were the decreasing trends of national economic development,errors in its strategies for national economic development,single ownership structures,and the mechanism of egalitarian income distributions.