Process modelling and industrial energy use in developing countries—The steel industry in India

A process model is used to study energy use and conservation in the steel industry in India. Production is modelled by a set of inter-connected process activities, each of which defines unique relationships between process output and a number of inputs. Contrary to that in process models for the U.S., we do not assume cost minimizing behavior. Simulation results show that although a number of cost-effective energy conservation measures exist, none of them would lead to significant reductions in energy use. Effective policy for the Indian Steel industry would require combining the strategies.