比较视野下的数据权属立法研究

大数据背景下，数据产业不正常竞争乱象丛生，个人信息被泄露和滥用事件频发，使得数据保护与数据利用之间的矛盾日益凸显。《个人信息保护法》为数据上的人格性权利提供了法律保障，而数据的财产性权利却没有专门的法律保护。企业之间的数据财产权利该如何配置，以及数据作为新型财产该如何对其进行保护的问题仍未解决。借鉴国外经验，我国亟需构建以个人信息保护为基础，以部分数据权利财产化为主要手段的数据确权体系，完善数据领域反不正当竞争规则，促进数据流通与数据市场健康发展。

Research on the Legislation of Rights over Data from Comparative Perspective

As incidents of abuse and leakage of personal data frequently occur, the contradiction between data protection and data utilization has become increasingly prominent in the context of big data era. China’s Personal Information Protection Law provides legal protection for the personality rights over data, but there is no special legal protection for the property rights over data. The issue of how to allocate data property rights among enterprises and how to protect data as a new type of property remains unresolved. Drawing on foreign experience, China urgently needs to build a confirmation mechanism on the rights to data, based on the protection of personal information and the propertization of some data rights as the main means. It also needs to improve the anti-unfair competition rules against unfair commercial use of data, so as to promote the healthy development of data circulation and the data market.