竞合论视域下帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的处罚界限

帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪司法适用的急剧扩张，反映了其入罪标准的模糊和竞合处断的混乱。该罪法律性质为帮助行为正犯化，同时具有独立性限度。应从因果关系归责的实体因应和追究犯罪的程序困境纾解把握其立法意旨，立足规制对象的类型化、处罚范围的有限性和法益保护的必要性，合理设定入罪门槛。可将信息网络帮助行为类型化，并以中立帮助行为理论限制其处罚范围，进而转向竞合考察，以“深度参与性”标准来区分帮信罪与共犯，且遵循法条竞合择一重处断原则。基于帮信罪的独立性质和法益保护范畴，其可与“掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益罪”成立想象竞合。通过信息网络犯罪帮助行为阶梯式分流模式，可以厘清帮信罪罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪的界限，从而科学限定其成立范围，实现理论与实践的良性互动。

The Punishment Limit of the Crime of Helping Cybercrime from the Perspectiveof Concurrence Theory

The rapid expansion of the judicial application of the crime of helping cybercrime reflects the fuzziness of its criminalization standards and the confusion of application of concurrence. The legal nature of the crime is to regard helping behavior as isolated crime, and has the limit of independence. We should grasp its legislative intent from causal link and procedural dilemma, and reasonably set the threshold of incrimination based on the type of regulation object, the limitation of punishment scope and the necessity of legal interest protection. The help behavior of cybercrime can be typed and its punishment scope can be limited by the theory of neutral help behavior. Then turning to the investigation of concurrence, the distinction between the crime of helping cybercrime and accomplice lies in the standard of “substantive participation”, and follows the principle of choosing one heavy punishment. Based on the independent nature of the crime of helping cybercrime and the scope of legal interest protection, it can establish imaginative concurrence with the crime of concealing the proceeds by crime. The construction of the ladder diversion mode of information network help behavior makes clear the boundary between crime and no crime, this crime and that crime, so that crime of helping cybercrime’s establishment scope can be scientifically limited, so as to realize the benign interaction between theory and practice.