性别差异视角下的流动人口迁移距离及其影响因素 ——基于对上海流动人口的分析

通过对流动人口迁移距离性别差异的考察发现:(1)女性流动人口的平均迁移距离长于男性23.1千米,个体因素、迁移特征、经济社会因素对男性、女性流动人口的迁移距离存在着不同方向和不同程度的影响。少数民族和农村户籍的女性流动人口的迁移距离明显长于男性。(2)随受教育程度的提高,女性迁移距离不断增加,初中、高中、大学和研究生学历的女性流动人口的迁移距离分别增加0.062、0.058、0.098和0.170个单位。(3)女性流动人口的迁移受到距离的阻抗作用强度弱于男性,距离每增加1%,流入的女性流动人口规模降低1.090%,而男性为1.275%。(4)引入经济发展差距(GDP)和收入差距变量后,各变量的影响程度和方向发生变化,女性表现出学历、收入水平越高迁移得越远的特征。

The Migration Distance of Migrants and Its Influencing Factors from the Perspective of Gender Differences: A Case Study of Shanghai

This paper analyses the gender differences in the migration distance of Floating Population and finds that:1. The average migration distance of women is 23.1 kilometers longer than that of men. Individual factors, migration characteristics, economic and social factors have different directions and different degrees of influence on the migration distance of male and female. Compared with the floating population of Han people and urban household registration, the female of minorities and those of rural household registrations have obvious longer migration distance than males;2. With the increase of education level, the migration distance of women is increasing, i.e. 0.062 unit for Junior middle school, 0.058 unit for high school, 0.098 unit for university and 0.170 unit for postgraduate education;3.The distance has a significant effect on the displacement of Shanghai’s floating population and the males are affected by the impedance effect more than women. For every 1% increase of migration distance brings about 1.090% down of the size of migrant females and 1.275% less of that of migrant;4. The degree and direction of the impact of variables changes after introducing the economic development gap(GDP) and the income gap variable, and the higher the education and the income levels, the farther distance of migration the females have.