唐国史中的史实遮蔽与形象建构——以玄宗先天二年政变书写为中心

先天二年政变是玄宗最终掌握最高权力的惊险一跃,而这一事件牵涉到玄宗与睿宗父子间激烈的权力争夺,因此唐代史官在国史中对这一事件进行了全面的讳饰。然而以张说所作的郭元振《行状》为切入点,结合相关文献记载,则可展示玄宗与睿宗及太平公主在政变之前激烈的政治较量、七月三日政变当天的整个过程,同时揭示政变后玄宗通过削弱政变功臣郭元振的权柄、最终掌握所有权力的真相。对于这场政变全方位的探索,显示唐代国史的书写通过遮蔽政治事件的关键性细节、重塑参与其中的政治人物,从而使史书记载最终符合其政治正确的逻辑。

The Concealment of Historical Facts and Image Building in the History of the Tang Dynasty

The military coup in the second year of Xuanzong’s reign,which led to his finally seizing supreme power,involved a fierce power struggle between Xuanzong and his father Ruizong.For this reason,official historians of the Tang Dynasty recorded this event with intended omissions and revisions.However,Brief Biography of Guo Yuanzhen,in conjunction with related documents and records,enables us to reconstruct the fierce political contest between Xuanzong,Ruizong and Princess Taiping before the coup and the whole course of the coup itself.It also casts light on the true facts of how Xuanzong managed to weaken the power of Guo Yuanzhen,ageneral who had done meritorious service in the coup,and how he finally assumed total power.An overall investigation into the coup reveals that the histories of the Tang Dynasty hid critical details about certain political events and reconstructed the images of the political figures concerned so as to make their contentpolitically correct.