罗马帝国军队与皇帝悖论关系刍议

罗马帝国不同于古代东方专制帝国,大多数元首、皇帝不是嫡传继位。帝位更替时,往往因军队蓄意参与,使皇帝与军队之间形成了某种悖论关系:元首、皇帝需要军队为其统治支柱,但却常常成为军队刀下冤魂;近卫军本应是皇帝的“亲兵”,但常常置元首皇帝于死地;军队既可以拥立皇帝,也“随意”将皇帝废黜。探究这一悖论产生的原因,不难发现制度保障的缺失,军队的难以掌控性等是其中重要原因。

My Humble Opinion on the Paradox Relation between Army of Roman Empire and Emperors

The of Roman Empire is different from the eastern autocratic kingdom of ancient times; most emperors are not handed down in a direct line from the master or his official heir and succeed to the throne. When the imperial throne is replaced, the intentional participation of army formed a certain paradox relation between emperor and army. Emperor need the army to come into the pillar of his rule, but often become a ghost of the wronged below the knife of army. Praetorian should be the most confident person of emperor, but often put head or emperor in the fatal position. The army can support emperor, and can dethrone the emperor at random too. Probing into the reason why this paradox produces, it is easy to find the disappearance of the safeguard system, controlling of the army difficultly and others are the important reason among them.