"人类性"要素与20世纪中国文学的价值定位

人类性要素是20世纪中国文学研究中一个仍被遮蔽的层面.这直接影响到对其特质和精神意蕴的全面认识和理解,也制约着现代中国文学被真正纳入"人类"的文学视野平等看待.这种现象的产生既有人所共知的社会文化背景的原因,也有研究者的思维定势、研究模式和受"西方视角"影响等方面的深层原因.并不是只有那些所谓边缘作家的作品才具备人类性,相反,那些所谓中国现代主流文学,其所表现的现代中国人的不屈不挠的奋斗精神和自由精神、为了民族利益牺牲个体的献身精神、对中国传统文明的历史性整体反省和自我批判精神等等,与人类普遍的积极精神和人性追求是相通的,也具备丰富的人类性.而新时期以来,特别是20世纪80年代中期以后的中国文学,其最深刻的变化和最深远的历史意义就是作家主体归属意识中的"人类性"意识的增强和作品对"人类性"追求的强化.因此,从人类性的视角才能真正认识20世纪中国文学的世界意义,也才能认识其利弊得失.

Elements of Humanity in Studies of Chinese Literature in 20th Century

Elements of humanity have always been covered up in studies of Chinese literature in 20th century, which makes it difficult to not only thoroughly grasp the characteristics and spirit of modern Chinese literature, but also to view the issue from an equal "human" perspective. This paper defines the concept of elements of humanity in literature, and finds out that not only those so-called fringe writers but also the Chinese mainstream writers boast rich elements of humanity in their writings. They present a bold front to the world and the spirit of freedom, a sense of dedication to the benefits of ones nation, and also an overall historical reflection and self-criticism of traditional Chinese civilization, which represents the universal active spirit and pursuit of human beings. Since the new era, especially after the mid 1980s, Chinese literature has welcomed the most profound historic change, that is, the strengthening and fortifying of "elements of humanity" in writers subjective identification. Therefore, only from the human perspective can we realize the worldwide significance of Chinese literature in 20th century as well as its achievements and deficiencies.