从理想的批判到现实的批判——试论康德与马克思关于"批判哲学"的区别及其理论意义

马克思哲学和康德哲学都会被学界称之为“批判哲学”,但二者的“批判”却有着完全不同、甚至截然相反的用意。二者哲学的内在联系表现在马克思将康德哲学对“理想的批判”转变为对“现实的批判”,而其主要差别在于“批判”的本意、对象、目的、方法及结果的不同。通过比较,才能清晰地看到马克思在哲学史上实现的革命性变革。

From an Ideal Criticism to a Realistic Criticism——On the Difference and Thematic Meanings of Kant's and Marx's Theories about "Critical Philosophy"

Both Marxism and Kantism are called "critical philosophies",but their critical meanings are different or even opposite.The internal relation of the two philosophies is that Kant advocates an ideal criticism while Marx upholds a realistic criticism.The main difference of the two criticisms lies in their different meanings,objects,purposes,methods and consequences. A comparative study of the two critical philosophies clearly presents Marx's revolution in philosophy.