道义逻辑、行动逻辑和规范逻辑

20世纪 5 0年代由冯赖特创建的道义逻辑 ,首先是作为行动名称的逻辑而建立的。这种逻辑在建立之后产生两个研究方向 :一个是“应该做”的逻辑 ,一个是“应该是”的逻辑。在“应该做”逻辑的研究方向上 ,行动名称的逻辑之后 ,产生以分析行动语句而生成的行动逻辑的探索。于是道义逻辑便是一种以行动逻辑为基础的动态逻辑。但是 ,在行动逻辑基础上构建的道义逻辑是一个有关规范命题的逻辑 ,而不是规范的逻辑 ,在相当程度上也可以看成是一个规范命题逻辑和规范逻辑的混成物。

On Deontic Logic,Action Logic and Logic about Norms

Deontic logic established by Von Wright in 1950's is firstly named as logic about action name. Later on,it gave rise to two research lines:the one is logical research about what ought to do,the other is logical research about what ought to be.In the former case,logic about action name developed to be a probe into action logic in analysing action sentence.Then deontic logic became a theory of dynamic logic based on action logic.This deontic logic should be logic about normal propositions rather than logic about norms.To a great extent,it can be seen as a kind of hybrid status in relation to both logic about normal proposition and logic about norms.