家族企业社会资本的双重物品属性及其产权问题

已有关于社会资本的研究忽视了家族企业社会资本的不同表现层次 ,难以准确揭示其物品属性 ,对其产权特征和产权结构也缺乏系统的归纳和界定。家族企业的社会资本是以家族的血缘、亲缘为基础 ,嵌入在家族企业组织及企业家个体中的一系列规范和结构 ,它体现在组织和个体两个层面 ,且具备双重物品属性 :组织层面的社会资本具有俱乐部物品属性 ,个体层面的企业家社会资本则具有私人物品属性。家族企业社会资本的产权特征表现为产权客体的行为关系本质、权能构成的复合性和界定机制的社会性 ,其产权结构可分解为所有权及由其派生的使用权、收益权和处置权。家族企业组织和个体层面社会资本的产权既相互区别 ,又有重合 ,企业家个体在家族企业社会资本的生成和传承中发挥着主导作用。

The Dual Property Attribute and Property Rights of the Social Capital of Family Business

The social capital of family business ( SCFB) has been ignored more or less in the existing research on social capital . As a result , it is hard to reveal the property attribute of the social capital and to define the characteristics or structure of its property rights . The article holds that SCFB which is based on consanguineous and affinitive bond is embedded in norms and structures pertaining to family business and individual entrepreneur . Therefore , SCFB could be defined both organizationally and individually and thus features dual attributes . More specifically , the organizational social capital is characterized by club goods and the individual social capital by private goods . Besides , SCFB has distinctive property rights features including the complexity of the relational essence of objects and of the structure of rights and functions , the socialness of the capital-defining system and the multiple descendent rights of SCFB ownership such as right of use , benefit right and right of disposal . In conclusion , SCFB at the organizational level differs from that at the individual level while at the same time overlapping with the latter . Besides , individual entrepreneur plays a leading role in the formation and succession of SCFB .