社会分配:公平与效率关注的焦点

社会分配狭义指全体社会成员的收入分配,效率指在资源和技术条件约束下尽可能满足人们需要的经济运行状况,公平狭义特指社会收入分配的公正和平等。公平与效率都从属于一定的生产方式。公平本身有经济公平与社会公平之分,效率有经济效率与社会效率之别,公平与效率的关系不能一概而论。具体说,经济的公平与经济效率之间是相互统一、相互促进的关系。社会的公平与微观领域的经济效率之间,在一定条件下可能存在相互对立、此消彼长的关系。社会公平与宏观领域的社会效率之间是相辅相成、相互促进的关系。公平与效率之间既相矛盾又相统一,在不同的生产力发展水平、不同的经济体制下,公平与效率的关系表现出不同特征。在社会分配领域坚持二者的辩证关系,有助于确立合理的经济伦理学思想。

Social Distribution:Focus on Fairness and Efficiency

Social distribution in its narrow sense means income distribution among the whole of social members. Efficiency is economy circulating which satisfies peoples needs under the conditioning of resource and technology, while fairness specially means equity and equality of social income distribution. Both fairness and efficiency are subject to a production fashion. Fairness being divided into economic fairness and social fairness and efficiency being divided into economic efficiency and social efficiency, the relation between fairness and efficiency cant be treated as usual. Concretely speaking, economic fairness and economic efficiency are both unified and stimulating to each other. Social fairness and economic efficiency in microcosmic fields, however, are likely to be contradictive and complementary to each other under some condition. Social fairness and social efficiency in macrocosmic fields are complementary and stimulating to each other. Fairness and efficiency are contradictive and unified, under different productivity level and different economic systems, their relationship shows different characteristics. In the social distribution fields, holding the dialectic relationship between fairness and efficiency helps to establish rational economic ethics.