养老机构失智老人的多元社会支持网络研究——基于社会工作介入的视角

随着现代化社会进程的不断加快,老龄化问题与日俱增,由此而产生的一大难题便是老年人失智症的患病比例不断升高,失智老人的养老形势愈加严峻。目前,国内失智老人的机构生活状况并不乐观,失智老人往往因为缺乏必要的支持网络而导致生活质量难以保证。基于社会工作介入的视角,以青岛市X机构内失智老人为对象进行研究的结果表明,失智老人正式社会支持网络存在着社工服务效果难以维持、护理员服务质量难以保证、养老机构自身支持有限和政府政策支持力度不足等问题,非正式社会支持网络存在着家属联系不足、朋友沟通渠道不畅和同住老人关系紧张等问题。因此,应该从正式支持和非正式支持两个方面整合、运用失智老人的各方支持力量和资源,从社会工作者、护理人员、养老机构以及政府政策等方面为养老机构内失智老人构建起正式的社会支持网络,从家属、朋友和同住老人等方面为养老机构内失智老人构建起非正式的社会支持网络,从而改善养老机构内失智老人的生活处境,提高其生活质量。

Research on Multiple Social Support Networks for Dementia Elders in Elderly Care Institutions--Based on the Perspective of Social Work Intervention

With the continuous acceleration of the process of modern society,the problem of aging is increasing day by day.A major problem arising from this is that the prevalence of dementia in the elderly continues to increase,and the situation of elderly dementia is becoming more severe.At present,the institutional living conditions of the elderly with dementia in China are not optimistic.The quality of life of the elderly with dementia is often difficult to guarantee because of the lack of necessary support networks.Based on the perspective of social work intervention,the results of the study on the elderly with dementia in Qingdao X organization showed that the formal social support network for the dementia elderly has problems such as the difficulty of maintaining the effect of social work services,the difficulty of guaranteeing the quality of caregiver services,the limited support of elderly care institutions,and the insufficient government policy support,while the informal social support network have problems such as insufficient family contact,poor communication channels with friends,and strained relationships with elderly people living with them.Therefore,it is necessary to integrate and use all the support power and resources for the demented elderly from two aspects of formal support and informal support,and construct the structure for the demented elderly in the elderly from the aspects of social workers,nursing staff,elderly care institutions,and government policies.A formal social support network is established to build an informal social support network for demented elderly in elderly care institutions from family members,friends and elderly living with them,so as to improve the living conditions and quality of life of demented elderly in elderly care institutions.