多弥史钩沉

多弥 ,为隋唐时期汉文文献史籍记载的西北民族之一。《新唐书·西域传下》记其为西羌 ,滨犁牛河 (今青海通天河 ) ,“役属吐蕃 ,号难磨 (Nam mo)”。本文据此 ,认为“难磨”即藏文文献中所记之“南”(Nam)国或南部族 ,源于汉代以来西羌中的“卑”等羌 (以上前人均有论述 )。南部族在古藏文文献中往往与吐蕃原始六族中的“董”(sDong)族联系在一起 ,故多弥可还原为“董弥”(sDongmi,即董人之意 )。此名可能为其他族人对其的称呼 ,“南”为吐蕃人对其的称呼。另外 ,吐蕃征服“南国” ,约在唐贞观六年至显庆元年 ( 63 2— 65 6)之间。后为吐蕃“四方面王”之一 (《贤者喜宴》)、与吐蕃赞普通婚和结盟的大家族那囊氏 (sNa nam)应为南部族首领或大家族之一。唐安史之乱后 ,吐蕃曾征调南部至西域一带防戍 ,故 2 0世纪以来新疆出土的藏文简牍中有“南茹”、“南茹巴”的记载。唐末至五代 ,汉藏文书所记之“南山”、“南波”等 ,其中杂有“南”部族 ,故其所以得名 ,除因其居地在“南山”(今祁连山 )外 ,还有其民族构成中有“南”部族的缘故。

A Study of the History of the Domi

The Domi was an ethnic group in northwest China according to the historical literature in the dynasties of the Sui and the Tang. In the "Xiyu Zhuan" (Account of the Western Region) in the Xin Tang Shu (The New Edition of the History of the Tang History), it belonged to the western Qiang group, living on the Liniu River (the present Tongtian River in Qinghai Province), "under the rule of Tibet, also known as the Nam mo." In the light of these accounts, the paper identifies the Nam mo with the Nam State or the Nam tribe in ancient Tibetan literature. The Nam tribe was frequently related with the sDong, one of the six original tribes of Tibet. So, the name of Domi can be traced back to the sDongmi, literally the sDong people. After the An Shi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, Tibet requisitioned the Nam tribe to be stationed in the Western Region. In the Chinese and Tibetan literatures of the late Tang Dynasty and the following Five Dynasties, there are names such as "Nanshan" and "Nambo" mixed with the Nam tribe. The groups were named either after their living area that was beyond the "Nanshan" (the present Qilian Mountain) or after the Nam tribe in their ethnic composition.