试析魏玛德国集体合同制的兴衰

集体合同制是魏玛福利国家建设的重要组成部分。战争与革命推动了集体合同的法制化。集体合同制在一定程度上维护了工人的劳动权与其它合法权益。然而,在经济形势恶化的压力下,集体合同制从自愿调解模式向强制调解模式转变,成为政府控制劳动市场、维护社会秩序的一种政策手段。最终,集体合同制由于政治与经济危机而无法正常运行,魏玛民主也由于同集体合同制的密切关联而受到质疑。魏玛时代集体合同制的兴衰历史反映了现代福利国家建设的成就与局限。

On the Rise and Fall of the Collective Bargaining System in Weimar Republic

The collective bargaining system is the important part of the welfare state in Weimar Germany. Under the pressure from the war and revolution, the employer and employee interest groups recognized each other, which was the organizational base for the collective bargaining system. Meanwhile, the government made a few bills and laws to establish the right base. Then the system was popularized and became the one, which protected the rational rights of working class. However, with the changing of the economic development, the government was forced to push the voluntary intercession to compulsive intercession in order to keep the social peace. Even then, the system was still in the crisis at the end of the republic, which led the society to lose the belief on the democracy itself. Such the history is the mirror of the achievements and disadvantage of the welfare state.