毛泽东的人与自然观及其历史启示

作为当代中国的马克思主义者,毛泽东运用马克思主义唯物辩证法和认识论,来观察、分析和解决人与自然的关系。毛泽东认为,人是自然界的产物,但可以认识和改造自然;人是自然界的奴隶,但同时又是自然界的主人;在社会主义社会,人民应该成为自然界的主人,也能够成为自然界的主人。在人与自然的关系上,毛泽东强调主体——人的作用,坚信人定胜天,主张＂向自然开战＂,但对人与自然之间的统一则重视不够。毛泽东的人与自然观留给我们的启示是：在人与自然的关系上,既要看到二者之间的对立,又要看到二者之间的统一;既要改造自然,又要关爱自然;既要发展经济,又不能破坏资源和环境。毛泽东对人与自然关系的探索,为胡锦涛科学发展观的形成提供了思想来源和历史依据。

Relationship between Human and Nature： Mao Zedong＇s View and Its Historical Enlightenment

Being Marxian of contemporary China, Mao Zedong observed, analyzed and solved the relationship between human and nature by using Marxist dialectical materialism and theory of knowledge. In Mao Zedong＇s mind, human is the product of the nature, but human can understand and reform nature; human is the slave of the nature, but human is also the master of the nature; in the society of Socialism, people should become the master of the nature, and they also could be. In the relationship between human and nature, Mao Zedong emphasized the effect of the subject-human, believed that human can conquer nature, advocated fighting nature and turned less attention to the unity of the relationship between human and nature. We could get some implications from Mao Zedong＇s view of the relationship between human and nature, not only we should see the opposite of the relationship between human and nature, but also the unity of the two; not only we should reform nature, but also care nature; not only we should develop economy, but shouldn＇t destroy resources and environment. Mao Zedong＇s exploration of the relationship between human and nature provides ideological origin and historical basis of formation of Hu Jintao＇s Scientific Development View.