重温缪凤林、费孝通中国“封建社会”论

学衡派代表人物之一缪凤林长期用力于中国通史构建,所著《中国通史纲要》及《中国通史要略》提出中国史十时代说,将＂封建时代＂的制度概括为三：封建、授田（井田）、宗法,将唐虞夏商西周称封建时代。社会学家费孝通认为＂封建＂是与＂大一统的专制皇权＂相对立的概念,指的是殷周封建制,与秦汉以降的＂大一统的专制皇权＂另成一格。缪、费二先生坚持＂封建＂本义与西义相通约的理路,准确地概述了中国历史的发展历程,其具体结论应予认真对待,其论史方法值得借鉴。

Some Thoughts Concerning Miao Fenglin and Fei Xiaotong Views of Feudal Society in China

Miao fenglin, one of the representatives of the Xueheng School, engaged himself in the structuring of the Chinese general history. He raised up a theory of ten periods in Chinese history in his works The Abstract of Chinese General History and The Outline of Chinese General History. He divided Chinese feudalism in the feudatorial period into 3 parts, they are： feudalism, giving farms and patriarchal clan system. He also ranked Tang Dynasty, Yu Dynasty, Xia Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty as Feudatorial Period. Fei Xiaotong, sociologist, believed that ＂Feudalism＂ was a concept against ＂The King＇s Autocracy＂. It referred to the feudalism in Yin Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty which was a sui generis system compared with ＂The King＇s Autocracy＂. Mr. Fei and Mr. Miao insisted the idea that the original meaning and the Western meaning of Feudalism were closely linked. They gave the development of Chinese history an accurate summary, and its specific conclusion should be treated seriously while its method of researching the history should become a reference.