晚清练兵处述论

练兵处是清末新军编练的领导机关,它的设立其肇因厥为两途：其一,从国内而言,清政府鉴于地方实力派的纷起,中央权威的旁落,有必要统一事权,统一规划,加强中央集权;其二,日俄战争爆发后国际形势极度紧张,清朝中央和地方必须从军事层面考虑应对措施缓解危机。练兵处的成立有力地推动了清末的军事变革,成为中国陆军近代化的重要一环。然而,如果我们客观地评价练兵处的作用和地位,就不能不提到练兵处内部的角力和争斗以及中央练兵处和地方的矛盾,它们是削弱其绩效发挥的重要因素,并最终对清末政局的走向产生了深刻的影响。

On the Ministry of Military Training in the Late Qing Dynasty

The Ministry of Military Training was a governing organization in charge of training newly-recruited soldiers in the late Qing Dynasty,and its establishment was for two purposes:first,the Qing government needed to unify its planning and to strengthen the centralization of power in view of the rise of local power;second,the international situation was extremely tense after the outbreak of the Japan-Russia War;and the central government of Qing and its local authorities had to consider countermeasures to reli...