仪式嬗变与妇女角色——元阳县箐口村哈尼族"苦扎扎"仪式的人类学考察

在连续三年对箐口村哈尼族的"苦扎扎"(六月节)仪式的观察基础上,描述了该项仪式的基本内容及其变迁,认为"苦扎扎"仪式在表达祈福消灾意愿时,特别强调社区中个人的生活目的及生存意义必须与有意义的神圣秩序系统相联系.日常生产生活方式的变迁,尤其是妇女在现实社会活动中的角色变化,已在改变着仪式的某些内容和意义.文章认为,神圣与世俗及社会性别等方面的界限确定及变化都是制度文化建构的结果.制度文化在规约社会行为的同时也为人们在其间能动地进行创造提供了条件.

Ritual Changes and the Role of Woman: An Anthropological Study of the Kuqzaqzaq Rites among the Hani People in the Village of Jingkou

On the basis of three years' observation of the Kuqzaqzaq rites among the Hani people in the village of Jingkou,the paper describes its basic contents and changes.The Kuqzaqzaq rites,also known as the Festival of the Sixth Month,are held to pray for blessings and ward off the evils.It stresses that a meaningful life must be related with the system of the sacred order.But the changes in daily life,particularly in the social role of woman,have changed the rites in terms of its contents and meaning.The paper holds that distinction between the sacred and the secular or between the social genders is the outcome of cultural constructing.The institutional culture guides people's social behaviors,but at the same time provides room for people's active creation.