明清江南的州县行政与社会控制

明清时期的江南是王朝统治的一个基本经济区,是帝国的财赋重地,州县行政十分繁难.同时又因科举兴盛,官绅密集,工商地主的力量较为强大,是地方利益与国家利益极容易产生矛盾而问题丛多的地方.州县是王朝统治的基础,州县行政的有效施展是地方发展的前提.江南民间的赋役重困、吏治的诸多腐败、社会的繁多矛盾、王朝的秩序危机等等问题,都需要从基层的州县行政开始清理.那种紧张的官民关系、官府在赋役等方面给贫苦民众带来的巨大压力以及其间勉强维持的平衡状态,都是州县官府面临的现实问题.江南地域社会中应该存在的“县社会”颇受乡宦巨室的影响,都需要州县官员细心把握地方绅士们的动向,避免其间可能对官方施政造成的威胁和危害,并充分利用其影响力,促进官府对于城乡社会的全面控制,尽力引导地域社会趋向良性发展.

The County Administration and Social Control in Jiangnan in Ming and Qing Dynasties

Jiangnan in Ming and Qing Dynasties is a fundamental economic zone, wealth and taxes powerhouse, and its county administrative is very troublesome. At the same time because of the imperial prosperity, gentry intensive, industrial and commercial landlords are powerful, Jiangnan is the place where local interests and national interests are very prone to conflicts. County is the basis of the ruling dynasty, the effective display of county administration is a prerequisite for local development. The heavy liturgical, corrupt official, social conflicts, dynastic order crisis and so on in Jiangnan, all these problems need to cleanup start from the grassroots country administrations. The nervous relations between officials and the public, officials give the public tremendous liturgical pressure and barely able to maintain the balance between them, are the real problems faced with the county officials. ＂county community＂, which should exist in Jiangnan was popular influenced by courtiers and the rich, county officials need to carefully grasp the local gentries＇ trends, avoiding its threats and hazards to official police, and take full advantages of their impact for promoting the official full control of urban and rural society, try to guide the local society tend to healthy development.