《文心雕龙》风格理论的《易》学渊源--为王运熙老师80华诞而作

《文心雕龙》的风格理论体系包括十个范畴。其中作为美学理想的范畴有“风骨”和“隐秀”,作为基本风格类型的范畴有《体性》八体。作者刘勰是参照《周易》数理阐明这些范畴及其相互关系的。其中“隐秀”、“风骨”相当于阴、阳二仪,所以在书中作了专篇论述;其中“典雅”、“远奥”、“精约”、“显附”、“繁缛”、“壮丽”、“新奇”、“轻靡”八体则分别对应于“乾”、“坤”、“震”、“艮”、“兑”、“离”、“巽”、“坎”八卦,所以统一列入《体性》篇。“雅与奇反,奥与显殊,繁与约舛,壮与轻乖”的分组关系表明,刘勰构建风格学体系之时,是以文王八卦序列为模型的;而其理论基础,则是主要由《周易》表述的古代宇宙哲学。

The Stylistic Theory of the Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons Roots from the Book of Changes

The academic system of the Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons' style contains ten categories. Two of them, feng-gu(wind and bone) and yin-xiu(latent and out-standing), are aesthetic ideals, while the eight normative forms in the chapter Ti-xing, are basical stylistic categories. The author illustrated these categories and relation between them by referring to shu-li, number and principle, in the Book of Changes. Yin-xiu and feng-gu correspond to Ying and Yang. Therefore, there are specialized papers to discuss these two categories in the book.Besides, dian-ya, decorous and dignified; yuan-ao, obscure and far-reaching; jing-yue, terse and essential; xian-fu, obvious and consecutive; fan-ru, lush and profuse; zhuang-li, vigorous and lovely; xin-qi, novel and unusual; qing-mi, light and delicate, respectively correspond to the Eight Diagrams, Qian, Kun, Zhen, Gen, Dui, Li, Xun, Kan. The author thus placed all of them into Ti-xing. The way of grouping indicateions: the elegant is opposite to the unusual; the obscure differs from the obvious; the lush and terse are at odds; the vigorous and light go against one another, manifested that when LIU Xie established his system of Stylistics, he took emperor Wen's Eight Diagrams as a draft. And his academic basis was the ancient metaphysics, which were stated in the Book of Changes.