子女数量对家庭收入的影响

基于2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据，利用生育偏好和生育政策的城乡差异构造工具变量，实证分析子女数量对家庭收入的影响。结果显示，子女数量的增加显著抑制家庭收入的提升，生育二胎导致家庭收入平均下降20.8%。此外，这种负向影响还表现出显著的城乡差异，农村家庭生育二胎使得家庭收入显著下降8.8%，而城镇家庭收入则下降21.2%。进一步地，区分是否三代同住以及母亲职业类型家庭的异质性分析结果显示，在非三代同住家庭、母亲在机关企事业单位任领导职务或从事专业技术类职业的家庭中，子女数量对家庭收入均具有显著的负向影响。分析结论凸显了宏观层面人口结构调整和居民收入提升以及微观层面生育决策与家庭收入之间的双重权衡。

The Impact of Fertility on Household Income

Using data from China’s 2005 1% Population Sample Survey, this paper constructs instrumental variables taking advantage of sex preference and fertility policy differences between urban and rural areas, then tests the effects of children on household income. Results show that increasing in the number of children will significantly reduce household income. The negative effects also show significant differences between urban and rural areas, rural household income decline significantly by 8.8% when having another child, while urban families decline by 21.2%. Further analysis results show that in the family which doesn’t have grandparents living together or the mother works with government units and public institutions or engages in professional technology career, the children number has significant negative effects on household income.